2025 Stock Option Plan

At its June 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, the Company’s 2025 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (“2025 Option Plan”) was approved by the shareholders. The 2025 Option Plan replaces the 2015 Stock Option Plan (“2015 Option Plan”), originally referred to as the 2007 Option Plan. No new awards can be issued under the 2015 Option Plan.  The Company reserved 117,868 Common Shares for issuance under the 2025 Option Plan at the time of adoption. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had 186,510 and 80,686 options available for grant under the 2025 Option Plan and 2015 Option Plan, respectively. The Common Shares underlying any awards under the 2025 Option Plan and 2015 Option Plan that are forfeited, canceled, or otherwise terminated (other than by exercise) are added back to the shares available for issuance under the 2025 Option Plan. Share options are granted in either USD or CAD. Upon the change in the Company’s functional currency, effective July 1, 2023, CAD share options previously classified as equity were reclassified as liabilities. All grants following the Company’s change in functional currency are in USD.

Canadian Dollar Share Options

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The following table summarizes the C$ share options outstanding under the 2015 Option Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2026. All amounts are denominated in C$, except year and share amounts:

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The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding and vested and exercisable is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying options, and the fair value of the Company’s Common Shares when the exercise price is below fair value.  

Upon the change in the Company’s functional currency effective July 1, 2023 C$ share options previously classified as equity were reclassified as liabilities. The C$ options were re-measured as of March 31, 2026 and had a fair value of $79,380.

A summary of share-based compensation liability activity, measured using level 3 fair value inputs, for the period ended March 31, 2026 is as follows:

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A summary of share-based compensation liability activity, measured using level 3 fair value inputs, for the year ended December 31, 2025 is as follows:

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The following table summarizes the weighted average of significant assumptions used to calculate the fair value of C$ share options outstanding and exercisable as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

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Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company’s Common Shares over the expected life of the option, as the Company’s options are not readily tradable.

US Dollar Share Options

The Company began making share option grants denominated in US$ following the Company’s change in functional currency in July 2023. The following table summarizes the US$ share options outstanding under the 2015 Option Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2026. All amounts are denominated in US$, except year and share amounts:

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In October 2024, the Company granted its Chief Executive Officer 19,614 options with an exercise price of $28.75, which will begin vesting if and when the Company’s 10-day VWAP of its Common Shares trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market meets or exceeds $86.25. The Company determined the share price requirement to begin vesting represented a market condition and performed a Monte-Carlo simulation to determine the fair value of the award, discounted for the likelihood of achieving the market condition. The resulting fair value of the option award was $383,000, with $41,647 and $41,657 recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

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DSU Plan

The Company has a Deferred Share Unit plan (“DSU Plan”) for senior officers. Under the DSU Plan, rights to the Company’s Common Shares may be awarded on a deferred payment basis up to a maximum of 667 common share units. Each common share unit will fully vest upon cessation of employment with the Company and then can be redeemed for one common share of the Company by the unitholder. The Company has 42 units outstanding as of March 31, 2026.

Share-based Payment Expense

The following table summarizes total share-based compensation included in the Company’s accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss:

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As of March 31, 2026, there was $1,085,038 of unrecognized share-based compensation related to US$ options outstanding, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining service period of 2.6 years. There was no unrecognized liability for C$ share-based compensation as of March 31, 2026.